Turn the Instant Pot to Sauté mode and heat the olive oil.
Add the ground beef, diced onion, minced garlic, salt, and pepper. Cook until the beef is browned, breaking it apart with a spoon. Drain excess grease if necessary.
Stir in the pasta sauce, followed by water, dried basil, Italian seasoning, parsley, and additional salt. Mix well.
Evenly distribute the uncooked penne pasta on top of the sauce mixture. Do not stir; gently press the pasta down so it's mostly submerged in the liquid.
Secure the lid and cook on High Pressure for 5 minutes. It will take about 10 minutes to come to pressure.
Once cooking is complete, allow a natural pressure release for 5–10 minutes:
5 minutes for firmer pasta
8 minutes for medium tenderness
10 minutes for softer pasta
Open the lid and stir to combine everything. Add the ricotta and Parmesan cheese, mixing until creamy and well blended.
Serve warm, garnished with additional Parmesan or fresh parsley if desired.
Notes
Add red pepper flakes for a bit of heat.
Use broth instead of water for a deeper flavor, though water keeps it more traditionally lasagna-like.
Store leftovers in an airtight container for up to 4 days. Reheat easily in the microwave.